Cylinder liner for internal-combustion engines



Feb. 15, 1938. A. F. SANDERS 2,108,392

CYLINDER LINER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 6, 1957 til Patented Feb. 15, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER) LINER FOR INTERNAL-COM BUSTION ENGINES Arthur Freeman Sanders, Leeds, England, as-

signor of one-half to John Fowler & Company (Leeds) Limited, Leeds, England Application February 6, 1937,'Serial- No. 124,498 In Great Britain February 19, 1936 5 Claims.

liner having hard-wearing inserts spaced angularly round its bore.

According to a further feature of the invention, a cylinder-liner has in its bore, only near the axially-outer end thereof, at least one insert of hard-wearing metal.

A cylinder-liner, according to a further feature of the invention, has in its bore angularlyspaced helical inserts of hard-wearing metal.

The invention further consists in a cylinderliner having in its bore angularIy-spaced hardwearing metal inserts arranged so that they overlap one another (when viewing the liner along its axis).

According to a still further feature of the invention, a cylinder-liner has in its bore,-near the axially-outer end thereof, a circumferential hardwearing metal insert, and also angularly-spaced inserts (which are preferably helically-arranged and may be integral with the circumferential insert) extending axially inwardly of the bore from the circumferential insert.

In one method of fitting the insert or inserts, the liner is formed with the necessary shallow groove or grooves in its bore, the insert or inserts being then welded in position. An insert of a material known under the name "Ste1lite is eminently satisfactory in this case.

In an alternative method the inserts are electrically deposited in grooves in the bore, a hardwearing material such as chromium being used in this case.

The single figure of the accompanying drawing is a part-sectional elevation of one form of liner, according to the invention, fitted in the cylinder block of a fuel-injection compressionignition engine, the piston being indicated by chain lines.

The cylinder block II has a main bore I2 formed in it to receive the liner 13, the main bore being counter-bored at M to receive a flange ll: of the liner. The metal of the latter is of slightly enlarged thickness near its axially-outer end l6 and near its inner end I! where it is recessed. circumferentially, as shown, to receive a packing l8' making a fluid-tight joint with the metal of the cylinder-block. l9 represents the cooling-liquid space round theliner. The latter is secured in position. by the cylinder-head 2| engaging the outer radial face of the liner through a gasket 22 when clamped in position in a known manner against the cylinder-block. 23 represents the combustion chamber, and 24 an opening for the fuel-injector plug.

- The inner periphery of the outer end of the liner is shown grooved to receive a circumfer- "ential hard-wearing insert 25 and a plurality of spaced, 'helically-arranged, axially xtending,

hardwearing inserts 26. As the majofp'ofti'onf of the wear of the liner occurs at the outer end thereof where the top piston-ring 21 comes to rest, the inserts serve-for reducingthis wear. (28 indicates the axially-outer end of the piston and 29 the axially-inner end, the piston being shown with three piston-rings altogether.) When a numberof angularly-spaced inserts 26 are used they support the piston-rings at a number of different points around the circumference of each of the piston-rings. The distance the in- .serts are from one another (i. e., the distance a) should be determined according to the stifiness of a piston-ring considered as a beam section, in order not to cause undue wear of the softer material o-fthe liner between the inserts. 7

By arranging for the inserts to be of helical form, instead of longitudinal, so that the axiallyinner edge 30 of one overlaps in an axial view the axially-outer edge 3i of the next, grooves will not be worn in the piston-rings.

That feature of the invention above described; where use is made of a circumferential insert 25 in combination with angularly-spaced inserts 26, is particularly adapted for those liners which are to be subjected to very heavy duty, the circumferential insert then being arranged at the place where the outer piston-ring comes to rest.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. A liner, for an internal-combustion engine cylinder, having secured in its bore, near the axially-outer end thereof, a circumferential hardwearing metal insert, and having also angularlyspaced inserts secured in the bore and extending axially inwardly of the bore from said circumferential insert.

2. A liner, according to claim 1, characterized .in that said angularly-spaced inserts are integrally joined to said circumferential insert.

3. A liner, for an internal-combustion engine cylinder, having a circumferential hard-wearing metal insert secured in its bore near the axiallylength only just greater than the axial length of the upper of'said piston-rings and being positioned so that the whole of the outer surface of the upper of said piston-rings will contact with it when said piston is at top dead centre.

5. In combination with a cylinder block, a liner having a radially-extending flange at its axially-outer end, said flange received in a recess of the cylinder block, and a narrow circumferential hard-wearing insert secured in the axiallyouter end of the liner, said insert being in approximate alignment with said flange.

ARTHUR FREEMAN SANDERS. 

